From t89djo@student.tdb.uu.se Wed May 25 00:40:45 1994 Received: from vesicle.ibg.uu.se by receptor.ibg.uu.se via SMTP (931110.SGI/930416.SGI.AUTO) for david id AA26905; Wed, 25 May 94 00:40:45 +0200 Received: from albireo.tdb.uu.se by vesicle.ibg.uu.se via SMTP (931110.SGI/930416.SGI.AUTO) for david@receptor.ibg.uu.se id AA21233; Wed, 25 May 94 00:40:43 +0200 Received: (from t89djo@localhost) by albireo.tdb.uu.se (8.6.8/8.6.6) id AAA25632 for david@vesicle.ibg.uu.se; Wed, 25 May 1994 00:37:31 +0200 Date: Wed, 25 May 1994 00:37:31 +0200 From: David Jonsson Message-Id: <199405242237.AAA25632@albireo.tdb.uu.se> To: david@vesicle Subject: (fwd) The FAQ for superconductivity 21/05/1994 Newsgroups: sci.physics.electromag,sci.physics.fusion Reply-To: t89djo@student.tdb.uu.se Content-Type: text Content-Length: 12683 Status: RO Path: columba.udac.uu.se!sunic!pipex!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!sdd.hp.com!think.com!hsdndev!dartvax.dartmouth.edu!Ludwig.Plutonium From: Ludwig.Plutonium@dartmouth.edu (Ludwig Plutonium) Newsgroups: sci.physics.electromag,sci.physics.fusion Subject: The FAQ for superconductivity 21/05/1994 Date: 21 May 1994 16:20:20 GMT Organization: Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH Lines: 215 Message-ID: <2rlcc4$sn4@dartvax.dartmouth.edu> NNTP-Posting-Host: at-sn-96.dartmouth.edu X-Posted-From: InterNews 1.0@dartmouth.edu Xref: columba.udac.uu.se sci.physics.electromag:926 sci.physics.fusion:1696 Ever notice that new superconductive material is discovered at a hot pace. Yet the correct theory of understanding is lagging, is in the dark ages, is in the back of the cave. No wonder. The reason is because noone has taken the most logical steps forward from here. Noone has checked-out whether superconductivity is really 0 electrical resistance. Or if they have, they are being very silent about it. No wonder, for superconductivity is a technology worth billions, not millions of the US microscopic dollars (welfare parasite economies). Noone has taken the logical steps of setting-up the experimental apparatus of checking the known different superconducting materials as to electrical resistance. According to my theory of superconductivity, all of those different superconducting materials will all, each, have different electrical resistances. Very small electrical resistance, to be sure, because it is the flow of neutrinos in superconductivity. And whereas silver is the highest element conductor of electricity PLUS THE HIGHEST REFLECTOR OF PHOTONS. So also, the highest superconductor will be the highest reflector of neutrinos. The physics of superconductivity will not progress by much until the statement of 0 resistivity is checked and seen for the incorrectness, the error that it is. And the theory will not progress until different materials have checked and verified different resistivities at the superconducting state. Once different superconducting materials are checked and found to have different resistivities. Then the physics of superconductivity can progress by using those different numbers to verify and math model the superconducting state. The following below is what I believe is the correct theory of superconductivity. This material is copyrighted and patent pending to the Plutonium Atom Foundation. The reason I can not be more explicit is because I am hindered by not having a huge research lab of superconducting materials to produce the numbers myself. The purpose of this broadcast is to inform and make the science community aware of the correct path to take. Many to most working scientists now see the BCS theory as not much more than a heuristic device. Although one salvageable feature of the BCS is the notion of *many atoms behaving as though it were one atom*. I believe I am on to the correct theory of superconductivity. I anticipate changes but for the most part I believe what follows below will be the correct theory of superconductivity, once refined and turned into math equations. I will need the math data in order to figure-out the equations. Since I do not have a superconductor in my backyard, and the liquid helium et al ready and available at my disposal. I cannot anticipate delivering those equations unless I have the number data for various superconducting materials. No superconductor has 0 resistivity according to my theory. All superconductors have different resistivities as per different chemical composition. The correct theory of superconductivity, will hence, be got from analysis of those different numbers. Those different numbers will eventually lead to a generalized Ohm's law which will include the superconductive state. So I ask for any data from those privileged person of such data. This is the description of the correct theory of superconductivity (broadscale patents pending to Plutonium Atom Foundation (which will subsume, or supercede the Nobel Foundation.)) The 4 quantum interactions of physics are quantum duals. These are the 4 interactions (1) strong nuclear, (2) gravitation, (3) radioactivities, (4) electromagnetism. Just as in QM, where particle is dual to wave and written as such. particle-wave. The 4 interactions are pairwise duals as follows. strongnuclear-gravitation radioactivities-electromagnetism Note to physics readers that radioactivities comprises much more than the simple-minded electro-weak. The electro-weak interaction, before these teachings, was merely the tip of the iceberg, where the majority of the iceberg is underwater. Radioactivities comprises the electro-weak but also spontaneous- neutron-materialization-from-out-of-nowhere. Radioactivities, after these teachings, is almost equal to the strong nuclear interaction. And in fact the two pairwise duals above are equal in interaction strengh. In my theory, radioactivities interaction comprises these three (1) radioactive decay (2) radioactive growth (3) spontaneous neutron materialization. The 4 interactions are quantum duals. And so strong nuclear is dual to gravity, but I am not concerned with that. And Radioactivities is dual to Electromagnetism. Since RADIOACTIVITIES is dual to ELECTROMAGNETISM, then one can explain superconductivities in two ways. One in terms of electron flow and photon carriers. But one can explain superconductivity just in terms of radioactivities with neutrinos. And in fact, with the recent reifenschweiler radiation supports this model that in cold temperature conditions, a material switches from electromagnetism to radioactivities. In my model, for electromagnetism, I see electrons associated with the Faraday Lines of Force by photon carriers. The Faraday lines of Force are what I call the carrier of the signal. And it is the carrier which determines the resistivity of the material. In my theory, electrons moving involves associated photons. So then in my theory, I must take into account the numerous Collapses of the Wavefuntion. It is the many Collapses of the Wavefunction that has made the quest for the correct theory of superconductivity such a monster. To give an example, one collapse of the wavefunction is the "putting of a specific electric current, amperes, into the superconductor." Another collapse of the wavefunction is the registered and observed temperature, such as mercury at 4K. Another collapse of the wavefunction is the known chemistry of the superconducting material. And another is the observation of how many amperes current flows out of the superconducting material. One must list all collapses of the wavefunction in order to arrive at and understand a correct theory and hope to figure-out the math equations for superconductivity. According to my theory, *at very low temperatures all superconducting substances act or behave as if it were one atom*. For example, the many atoms of mercury at 4k are no longer many atoms of mercury, but instead, just *ONE Superconducting Atom*. Hence this frozen mercury is one atom which has many electrons in a filled quantum state. The low temperature causes this quantum state. Now one must think of all of the electrons of this ONE Atom and the quantum mechanics of this "filled state." One can picture that a strip of superconducting mercury at 4k is ONE Atom which has perhaps 10^22 electrons and the same number of protons. When more electrons are attempted to be added to this frozen one atom of superconducting mercury and since it is in a "filled state" those new electrons are switched into the radioactivities interaction as a stream of beta (electrons) particles and the carrier for the stream of beta electrons is no longer photons of the Faraday Lines of Force, but instead the carriers are switched to neutrinos. Thus, at the initial end where electric current is put into the superconductor of ONE Atom, the ONE Atom electron states are full, and trying to put more electrons into this one huge superconducting atom of frozen mercury, what happens is that the ONE Atom radioactively emits a Beta electron stream of current out the other end in the form of beta electron decay which had been carried through the ONE Atom mercury strip with only the resistance of neutrinos. One must picture various Collapses of the Wavefunction as I have described above. If the current was kept flowing in the superconducting material without escape, that is, stored within the superconductor such as a SUPERCONDUCTOR RING STORAGE, then the resistance of the superconducting material, the ONE Atom, is not what is generally stated in every textbook that I have seen, as 0 resistance. The resistance of the superconductor is not 0, (not zero.) But rather there is a very small positive resistance which correlates with the carrier of the current, the neutrinos. Different superconductors have different resistivity. Silver resistivity Ohm x m is 1.62 x 10^-8 at 293K and for copper at 293K is 1.69 x10^-8. The various new ceramic superconductors and the old known ones, and the buckyball superconductors, I hypothesize, when experimentally checked will all show different positive number resistivities which are close to zero, but not equal to zero. It is the math data for these various small positive number resistivities for different superconducting materials which will derive the equation of superconductivity. As to whether a room temperature superconductor is possible and what material would it be made of? These questions can be answered because once it is known that neutrinos are in fact the carriers of superconductive currents then chemical materials will be manufactured for that purpose. The equation for superconductivity will be a generalized Ohm's Law, and derive Ohm's Law as a particular case. The equation (very ugly, and far worse than the Schroedinger equation), will have a fall-out that silver is the highest quantum reflector of photons, the carrier of electric current for conductors at room temperature and silver is the highest conductor. Likewise, this generalized Ohm's Law will show what material has the highest quantum reflection for neutrinos, and hence the highest superconductor material. What I need now are the math data to show that this is the correct theory of superconductivity. I need the superconductivity data of loss of current because my theory predicts that it is not 0 resistivity but a very small positive number. And those experimental small positive number resistivities, I intuit will match the resistivity of neutrinos flowing in said material. And neutrino resistivities will be different for the new higher transition temperature ceramic materials. That the resistivity of flow of current in a superconducting material will match the resistivity of neutrinos within the material. Such a match *by math* will imply that electrons flowing in a current, upon reaching a superconductor material will switch into neutrino carriers and flow out the other end of the superconductor as a stream of beta decay electrons of almost but not quite equal amperes as what went initially into the superconductor. At the other end the current flow is back to usual with photon carriers. One support for this theory is that neutrinos have both the characteristics of electrons, spin 1/2, and photons, by traveling at the speed of light. In other words, neutrinos are anyon particles. Another support for this theory is that of all particles, only neutrinos have the characteristics for being able to travel through matter with the resistivity found in superconductors. No other particle travels in materials the way neutrinos do, which matches the superconductivity condition. So by process of elimination, the neutrino is the best candidate particle to yield superconductive results. LP 94th ELECTRON OF 231PU Very crude dot picture of 5f6, 94TH ELECTRON \ ::| :./. .\::|::/.: _ _ (:Y:) - - ::/.|.\.: :: /.:| :\.: / | \. One of those dots is the Sun with 9 smaller dots around it. Look in a chemistry textbook or quantum physics textbook of the electron cloud dot picture. -- David Jonsson Voice&Fax +46-18-24 51 52 P.O Box 353 Postal giro 499 40 54-7 S-751 06 UPPSALA Internet E-mail t89djo@student.tdb.uu.se SWEDEN ++++++Cold EMISSION before the end of the century++++++