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By O. Tedenstig
Idungatan 37
19551 Maersta/Sweden



THE MYTH OF QUARKS
Quarks have never been found, and so it will be. Quarks
are brain-ghosts of theoretical physicists.
All project aimed to find quarks are doomed to fail and
are totally meaningless unless experiments performed will
be treated in a more  realistic way.

In the middle of 1960th an experiment was performed which
showed the charge distribution around a neutron. The
graph is approximately given by the figure below.



      !   (+)
      ! p
      !  p
      !  np              p= proton
      !    p             n= neutron
      !   n   p
      !         p
      !              p
      !     n                p
      !                             n   p
  (0) ---------------------------n-------------n-----n-----n---
      !       n
      !                      n
      !         n        n
      !              n
      !   (-)

The graph has been calculated by shooting particles towards
neutrons and from that calculated the charge distribution
around and very near the center of the neutron core.

The graph very clearly show that the neutron is composed by
two particles, one negative charged particle circling round
a center point and one positive particle situated in the
center.

Obviously these particles are an electron (the negative charged
part) and a proton (the positive charged part).

Interpreting the graph from this standpoint :

1) From long distance the composition of one negative unit charge
   and one positive unit charge create a neutral composition.
   The neutron seen from long distance will be neutral.

2) Assuming the proton having appr. the same mass density as
   an electron, the proton radius is about 25-35 fermi. Comming
   closer therefore a weak positive peak will appear because
   in this point the positive charge will dominate.

3) Coming more close the negative and positive charge effect
   will balance. In this point the neutron is electrical neutral
   again.

4) More close the negative charge from the electron will dominate
   again. Somewhere between the electron orbit and the surface
   of the proton the negative charge effect will reach its
   maximum.

5) After this negative maximum the postive effect from the
   proton nuclues will win again and it passes another balance
   point where the neutron once again is electrical neutral.

6) Very close to the proton surface, the charge will come
   in line with the proton charging curve, hence the neutron
   very close to its center is a proton.

Some other signs on that this model is resonable :

a) The weight of the neutron is some larger than the proton
   and the electron put together. That can be explained by that
   the electron move very fast around the proton nucleus so
   that it get a mass increase in the same way as free particles
   in particle accelerators (a well known electromagnetic effect
   discovered by Kaufmann 1901). The extra mass of the electron
   got is appr.  1.5 electron masses

b) When a neutron is destroyed, it is dissolved in an electron
   and an electron. Assuming the electron move with near the
   velocity of light into the neutron, it is natural that the
   velocity of the emitted electron is around this velocity
   when leaving the neutron. And so it is.

If this model is true and correct interpreted, it means that
the whole quark model, constituting the base for modern particle
research, is totally wrong.

And it means that even other neutral particles are built up
in the same way as the neutron (hence there in fact exists no
un-charged singular particles, all elementary particles are
basicly charged). Hence the neutral pi-meson constitutes of
a muon plus one electron, the neutral K constitutes of a mu-on
plus an electron and so on.

But all that is described in detail in my articles offered into
this meeting via Email.